4．The most expensive Chinese calligraphy: Hand scroll White Dagoba Hill, written by Emperor Qianlong

The hand scroll by Emperor Qianlong was sold at Poly's Autumn Auction, Dec 2, 2014. [Photo/Artron.net]

A set of hand scrolls, White Dagoba Hill, written by Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty, sold for 116 million yuan ($18.9 million), with commission, included at a Poly's Autumn Auction on the night of Dec 2. It fetches a record high among Chinese painting and calligraphy auctions around the world this year.

The scroll is also the only item that sold for over 100 million yuan (nearly $16.3 million) in the Chinese mainland's auction market this year and the highest price among Emperor Qianlong's works.

It is said that the writings were created after Emperor Qianlong ascended the White Dagoba Hill in Beijing in 1773 and was amazed by the beautiful scenery. The writings can still be seen in Beihai Park now.