In the Song Dynasty only one goal post was set up in the center of the field. Cuju organizations were set up in large cities called Qi Yun She or Yuan She - now known as the earliest professional cuju club - whose members were either cuju lovers or professional performers. Non-professional players had to formally appoint a professional as his or her teacher and pay a fee before becoming a member. This process ensured an income for the professionals, unlike cuju of the Tang Dynasty. Ways to play cuju
There are mainly two ways to play cuju: "Zhu Qiu" and "Bai Da".
"Zhu Qiu" was commonly performed at court feasts celebrating the emperor's birthday or during diplomatic events. This competitive match between two teams consisted of 12-16 players on each side.
"Bai Da" was the dominant cuju style of the Song Dynasty, attaching much importance to developing personal skills. The goal became obsolete in this method and the playing field was enclosed with thread, with players taking turns to kick the ball within. The number of fouls made by the players decided the winner. For example, if the ball was not passed far enough to reach the other players, points were deducted. If the ball was kicked too far out, a big deduction was made. Kicking the ball too low or turning at the wrong moment all led to fewer points. Players could touch the ball with any part of the body except their hands and the number of players ranged anywhere from two to 10. In the end, the player with the highest score would win.
Cuju began its decline during the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644) due to neglect, and the 2,000-year-old sport slowly faded away.
Cuju revival in modern China
Spring is the best period for playing Cuju. In current China, many people choose this game as a way to exercise while experiencing China's traditional culture.
A special game was recently held at Beijing World Park where some foreign visitors and locals dressed in traditional Han dynasty costumes played Cuju.
Many people believe Cuju is a good way to spread Chinese culture. Zhao Tong, a marketing manager at Beijing World Park, agrees.
"Cuju is the origin of modern football. China has great cultural resources, and we should promote them among many tourists through this platform. We hope that tourists will understand the history and development of Cuju through this activity, and we also hope that traditional Chinese culture can be passed down with the help of our volunteers."
As a way of national culture protection, Cuju was listed into the first batch of China’s intangible cultural heritages in 2006.
Source: Wikipedia and CRIENGLISH.com
Editor: Dong Lin and Jia Jia
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