The federation practices an organizational system of local according to the state administrative divisions. The highest power organ of the All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce is the National Congress held every five years, and the congress may be called earlier or later when necessary. The Executive Committee, the leading organ when the congress is not in session, is in charge of implementation the resolutions of the congress and on behalf of the federation. The executive committee elects a chairman, several chairmen, a secretary-general and several members who form a standing committee. The Standing Committee exercises the functions and powers reports its work to the executive committee and when the latter is not in session. The highest power organs are local congresses or member meetings of local federations of industry and commerce at various levels. By the end of 2002, there are about 3,062 federations at or above the township and neighborhood level, 1,180,394 group members at various levels.
The successive leaders of the federation and their terms of office are as follows:
Its previous leaders were Chen Shutong (Oct.1953-Feb. 1966), Hu Zi'ang (Oct.1979-Apr.1988) Rong Yiren, Wang Guangying, and Jing Shuping. Its current chairman is Huang Mengfu.
The Chinese People's Association for Friendship with Foreign Countries
Founded in May, 1954, the Chinese People's Association for Friendship with Foreign Countries is a nationwide non-governmental organization of the People's Republic of China.
The Chinese People's Association for Cultural Exchanges with Foreign Countries was founded on May 3, 1954 and renamed as the Chinese People's Association for Friendship with Foreign Countries on October 14, 1969. The association called its seventh executive council nationwide in Beijing in May 1998 and worked out new constitution. President Jiang Zemin, Premier Zhu Rongji and Vice-Premier Qian Qichen and other leaders were present to the meeting.
Since its establishment, the Association has always aimed to promote friendship and mutual understanding between the Chinese people and those in other countries, to promote exchanges and cooperation in politics, economy, trade, science and technology, culture, education and other fields to safeguard world peace. On behalf of the Chinese people, it contacts friendly organizations and individuals in other countries and develops mutual exchanges, providing a bond of friendship linking the Chinese people with people throughout the rest of the world. Its activities have obtained support and endowment from the government and all circles of the society. By the end of 1998, the Chinese People's Association for Friendship with Other Countries has established friendly relations or contacts with 364 organizations and groups from 115 countries. With the coordinative management of the association, China has established 881 cities with friendly relations with their counterparts in foreign countries. The Association has 378 branches in all the provinces and autonomous regions. The association has also set up 40 special branches including China-Russia, China-Japan, China-US and China-Africa to strengthen friendly relations with foreign countries and meet their development, and the Chinese People's Association for Friendship with Foreign Countries is in charge of daily work of those special branches.
The Chinese Association for Friendship with Foreign Countries has the following major tasks:
To develop friendly and cooperative relations with the peoples throughout the rest of the world and exchange visits with friendly organizations and groups;
To promote cultural exchanges between peoples and exchange exhibits;
To assist parties concerned to promote cooperation in fields of economy, education, and science and technology with foreign countries;
To launch movement for supporting just struggle of peoples throughout the world tom safeguard world peace;
To memorize world celebrities of letters, revolutionists and foreign friends who had made great contributions to China's revolution and construction;
To grant the title of friendly ambassador to our foreign friends on behalf of the Chinese people;
To organize seminars or symposium to introduce national conditions of foreign countries or on how to promote friendly relations between China and foreign countries, and to celebrate major festivals of all the countries;
To coordinate and manage work of establishing friendly cities with foreign countries;
To be in charge of daily work of those special societies; and
To develop other activities which are conducive to the promotion of mutual understanding and friendship between China and foreign countries.
The Chinese People's Association for Friendship with Foreign Countries is located in Beijing. The Association has branches in all the provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the Central Government and even in some cities, municipal districts and counties.
The Association is composed of advisors, chairman, vice-chairmen, secretary-general, vice secretary-general and members.
China Federation of Literary and Art Circles
The China Federation of Literary and Art Circles (CFLAC) is the highest organ of power in China that coordinates and manages over 40 affiliated organizations of art and literature at the national level. The collective membership of over 80,000 outstanding artists and writers makes CFLAC the largest alliance of such kind in and outside China. As a nationwide association of artists in China, CFLAC was set up in the July of 1949. The CFLAC practices a system of member groups. It currently has 46 group members including Chinese Writes Association, Chinese Dramatists Association, Chinese Dancers Association, and Chinese Photographers Association.
Organic structure of the CFLAC
The highest power organ of the CFLAC is the National Congress and the Standing Committee elected by the Congress. One Chairman and several Vice-Chairmen elected by the Standing Committee form the Presidium. Under it there is the Secretariat that is in charge of the daily work and sets up special offices when necessary.
Major tasks of the CFLAC
The CFLAC abides by the Constitution and laws as well as the basic line of the party, adheres to the orientation of serving the people and socialism and the principle of Let a hundred flowers blossom and a hundred schools of thought contend, devotes itself to developing and prospering Chinese art and literature and strive for the development of spiritual socialist civilization and the achievement of socialist modernization under the leadership of the CPC.
In the past forty years, the CFLAC has conducted all kinds of activities for the art industry such as art exhibitions, academic symposia and forums to intensify communication in cultural circles. The CFLAC also encourage and organize writers and artists to visit and make research in villages, industries and mining enterprises, army and border areas in order that they can keep in touch with the broad masses and create more excellent and popular works.
To uphold the Central Government's policy of "Let a hundred flowers blossom and a hundred schools of thought contend" by extending the reach of its members' art and literature works to the general public, the CFLAC along with the various associations boasts over forty literary and artistic publications with a nationwide circulation, including newspapers.
The CFLAC protects the legitimate rights and interests of its members according to law, improve their work and living conditions, and help solve their problems in time. The CFLAC extensively develops exchanging activities with their foreign counterparts and actively promotes exchanges between its various member associations and their foreign counterparts.
The funds of the CFLAC not only comes from state allocations and membership dues, but also from the revenue generating by its business arms like the publication houses, audio-visual press and even travel agents and hostels.
All-China Journalists Association
The predecessor of the All-China Journalists Association was Chinese Association of Young Journalists founded in Shanghai on November 8, 1937. With the leadership of the CPC, All-China Journalists Association has had a glorious history of 64 years up to now. As a nationwide non-governmental organization, the association enjoys a prestigious reputation in China and the world as a whole. It has 223 local journalists associations and more than 550,000 people pursuing a journalistic future. With the development of journalism, the association plays an increasingly role in domestic affairs and international exchanges, unites people pursuing a journalistic future extensively, develops friendly relations with journalists from more than 100 countries and regions, and has made contributions to the development of journalism in China.
China Association for Science and Technology
China Association for Science and Technology is a mass organization of people engaged in science and technology under the leadership of the CPC. It serves as a bridge and bond linking the Party, the government and scientists and technicians and an important force giving impetus to the development of science and technology in China.
The predecessor of the China Association for Science and Technology was China Federation of Science and China Society of Popular Science. China Association for Science and Technology was formally founded in September 1958 when the first national congress of scientists and technicians was convened. The association today has 167 national institutes and 31 provincial associations with the purpose of promoting the development of science and technology and their application as well as more than 4,300,000 members.
The China Association for Science and Technology aims at adhering to Marxism and Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought, Deng Xiaoping Theory and the basic line of the CPC, and as well as the philosophy of Science and technology is the first productive force, implementing the strategies of sustainable development and rejuvenating the Nation by science and technology, promote development and prosperity of science and technology and its application as well, improving the qualities of scientific and technological talents to serve the development of economy and spiritual civilization. In addition, the other purpose of the association is to transmit opinions of scientists and technicians, and protect their legitimate rights and interests.
The Association has the following major tasks:
To develop academic exchanges, make lively academic thinking and promote development of branches of learning;
To advocating scientific spirit, popularize scientific knowledge, spread scientific thinking and methods; to safeguard scientific dignity, extend and apply advanced technologies, conduct activities for youth scientific and technological education to uplift scientific and cultural qualities of the whole nation;
To transmit opinions and requests of scientists and technician, protect their legitimate rights and interests, organize them to participate in formulation of relevant policies and laws and political consultation of state affairs;
To commend and reward excellent scientists and technicians, and recommend talents;
To conduct scientific research and provide consultancy, put forward policy proposals, promote the transformation of science and technologies and accept projects of evaluation and appraisal in the corresponding field;
To promote international exchanges in science and technology, and develop friendly relations with foreign counterparts; and
To develop further education and training programs.
The China Association and its various affiliated associations have taken part in more than 240 international non-governmental organizations of science and technology, and over 100 Chinese scientists hold a leading post in some organizations. The China Association for Science and Technology keeps a good exchanging and cooperative relationship with organizations and groups of science and technology in Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macao.
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